Critical Analysis of The Abortion by Alice Walker Essay

Basic Analysis of The Abortion by Alice Walker - Essay Example He at that point tosses the bones back at her by saying, â€Å"well, consider it†. For Imani, premature birth isn't a simple procedure to experience, having lost the greater part of her blood during her school days. Clarence mentions to her to consider what she needs to do with the child; and the author offers a psychological expression that â€Å"it was everything she thought about†. The man is viewed as distracted with his activity, in any event, setting off to a degree of performing family obligations, for example, dropping his significant other at the air terminal, with his manager close by. Fetus removal is constantly known to be an issue when secured out of marriage, however this family conveys its battles to their home as Imani is burnt out on having more kids since she needs to concentrate on her profession. She can't shoulder another kid since her significant other isn't supporting her in taking care of family errands. It is recounted in the story that regardle ss of her shortcoming because of drain, she leaves her customary ranges of familiarity and battles to wash her youngster. Alice Walker is an honor winning creator, known for recounting accounts of human encounters in tending to issues of sexual orientation fairness and social treacheries. Proposition proclamation Having an undesirable pregnancy is an excruciating encounter, and the lady bears the best duty in settling on choices on end or conceiving an offspring. In shielding this postulation proclamation as indicated by the story, the essayist gives a great deal of pointers to show how the man is an aloof member in this procedure. Clarence (Imani’s spouse) is a youngster, devoted to the administration of his manager who eats up the vast majority of his family time as he is the legitimate guide to the city hall leader. â€Å"Clarence was committed to the civic chairman, and accepted his prosperity would mean security and progression for all of them†. This announcement shows the egocentric idea of these men in Imani’s life. Clarence is engrossed with his professional success worries to such a degree, that he blends office obligations in with private life. Regardless of the author uncovering him as a dependable man who strives to battle for the family, this isn't sufficient to keep an assembled home. Their marital bed â€Å"is extra large with a prohibiting edge in the center (Walker, p. 210).† The civic chairman is only a portrayal of the mean idea of men; he doesn't see Imani’s nearness when they are in the eating table. He gives full fixation to Clarence, not in any event, having a snappy look at his significant other when she comes to a meaningful conclusion. Sexual orientation characterized jobs is brought to the front since the civic chairman possibly gives her props when he recognizes her suppers and haircut. This implies a woman’s job is confined to the kitchen and inside the local spaces. On her fetus removal ou ting to New York, the city hall leader has booked a working lunch with her better half. This is so heartless since the man should offer passionate help to the accomplice during such sensitive occasions. In the vehicle to the air terminal, they participate in discusses metropolitan assets; this could have given the best chance to Clarence to state final words with his significant other as he isn't going with her to New York. At the parlor, he advises her â€Å"take care of yourself†, as he leaves to a holding up vehicle (Walker, p. 212). As she heads to take her flight, she offers a psychological expression dissecting what Clarence had quite recently stated: â€Å"taking care of myself, is the thing that I need to do†. She had anticipated that her significant other should go with her for the excursion however it appears his brain was determined to drafting district

The Rationale Approach In Human Resource Planning Essay Example For Students

The Rationale Approach In Human Resource Planning Essay Like some other signifier of arranging, Human Resource Planning ( HRP ) is a method of reasoning assault to the adequate enrolling, keeping and sending of individuals with in an organization, including, where essential understanding for dismissing staff, ( G.A. Cole, 2004 ) . HRP is subsequently worried about the progression of individuals through and in some cases out of the organization. Typically it is an interest for each organization to be after in front and do some evaluation of their current worker situation, in order to ensure that a fitting extent of achievements is accessible for the full area inside the organization. Human Resource Planning is fundamentally worried about examining the bing human asset situation, estimating the outside work advertise and computing the flexibly situation, ascertaining future requests for individuals and set uping and executing human asset program, ( G.A. Cole, 2004 ) . The organization s closes for securing the work power whether for short or since quite a while ago run incorporates enrolling and decision, arrangement and improvement, exposure, redisposition and calling arranging, pay and productiveness, rationale and evaluation, retirements and repetition, all relies upon a sound human asset arranging technique. Sing all the above organization s closes, Human Resource Planning has contributed a clump in helping Care UK to achieve its closures. Care UK is the taking free provider of health and cultural consideration in UK. Its exchanges Residential consideration administrations, Homecare administrations, Mental wellbeing administrations, Learning disablement administrations, GP designs, NHS stroll in Centers NHS CATS and NHS mediation Centers. It has its caput office at Connaught House, 850 The Crescent Colchester Business Park, Colchester Essex, CO4 9QB. In thought to the Care UK enrolling and decision arranging, the organization has adjusted both the interior and outside enrolling and decision arranging system for the chiefs and health consideration laborers severally. To amplify its interior capacity and run its current 59 nursing or consideration puts, the organization need to select more executives inside by offering a reasonable considering way that will pull top of the line campaigners and keep up these who have just gone along with us, said Carol Cunningham Care UK undertaking chief . Competitors utilizing for place chiefs need to go through a severe decision strategy that includes suggestion by a ranking executive or local administrators, fitness and character preliminary and an organized meeting with the endeavor chief and operational chief to be chosen. The Care UK enrolling strategy is organized to ensure that all staff will be sensibly utilized, while run intoing the guidelines and measures set via Care UK and in similarity with proper resolution law, ( World Wide Web. Care uk.com ) . As an enrolling strategy, Care UK do promote their opening in the organization s site, national and neighborhood papers, occupation Centers and the internet. The organization strives to ensure that appliers are kept educated regarding their progression through the enrollment procedure and campaigners are chosen on the balance of their capacity to execute the occupation required. Care UK works an equivalent possibility during its enrolling technique where appliers are given equivalent possibility paying little mind to their race, sex, confidence and age. Setting up on the area of which the organization works, much emphasize has been put on the enrolling and decision technique as it is an interest that the correct campaigners are given occupations. As a result a sound enrolling and decision arranging is expected to pull the correct campaigners for the occupations. As a legitimate interest, all the appliers who are utilizing for spots of human services or domiciliary consideration assistants are exposed to a figure of checks before they are chosen. These checks incorporates, improved Criminal Records Bureau ( CRB ) disclosure, option to work, word related wellbeing check and irrefutable notice check including full business history. Simply the campaigners with an agreeable consequence of the above checks are chosen met and offered the opportunity to create and work with the organization. As a signifier of legitimate interest, representatives that are chosen and offered occupation by the organization are furnished with a composed particulars for work which specify obviously the rubric of the occupation the worker is utilized, scale or pace of pay or the technique for figuring wage, interims at which compensation is paid, occasion wa ge, sick pay benefits understanding, grieverance processs appropriate and length of notice to be given on either side. A composed business contract is so given to the effective campaigners that have been utilized by the organization. Having followed the Care UK enrolling and decision arranging, the organization has exacting and intense arrangements when convey oning its enrolling and decision method because of the idea of the part where it works. The organization follows the privilege processs by indicting in both inward and outer enrolling method when opening do start inside the organization and publicizing the opportunities through all the roads which makes it non unfair to the individuals intrigued for the accessible occupations inside the organization. Just the correct campaigners are offered the occupations ideals while sing the legitimate requests. The organization through its enrolling and decision methodology puts all the lawful requests of business like Criminal Record Checks, equivalent possibility, Health and wellbeing at work Act, 1974, Human Right Act, 1996, National Minimum compensation Act, 1998, Human Right Act, 1998 and Employment Right Act, 1998 to advert however a couple. Care UK has a sound readiness and advancement arrangement do to the idea of the segment wherein the organization is in. The organization spends a bunch of asset in the stipulation of arrangement and advancement of staffs to ensure non only an ordinary gracefully of achievements to representatives yet next to as a way of bettering on the workers basis of work. As an organization, Care UK other than observes an of import work for planning and advancement in the stipulation of achievements and improvement of representative rationale. Since the organization approach is based non simply with the enrolling of individuals with experience yet close to people who willing and equipped for working, it is vital that the planning and improvement of staffs is firmly taken a gander at what's more in light of the fact that the part is exorbitantly much directed with new types of gear got so regularly couple with new laws, representatives need to hold exhaustive readiness and advancement arrangement great put in topographic point. At Care UK, new representatives for the station of medicinal services assistants experience a three yearss serious commencement readiness to introduce them to the field of social insurance and the difficulties they will looked in front during the class of their working with the organization, ( www.care uk.org ) . After the inception planning, specific arrangements are gotten and this is done through setting creating requests required by the representatives and one-year readiness refreshes are compulsory for all staff. Human services aides are urged to set about farther makings and at whatever point conceivable, are given the odds to broaden their surveies through National Vocational Qualification, for example ( NVQ2 and NVQ3 ) . The individuals who are draw a dot oning for the station of chiefs are deliberately chosen against exacting decision model and are able to inception systems and are relied upon to proceed to grow expertly, bolstered by the org anization s open introduction and self-awareness arranging techniques. My Story EssayAt Care UK, the organization is organized start to finish for example hierarchal understanding where one level of occupations is competent to order by the accompanying higher degree. This kind of heading is bureaucratic in nature and increasingly significant in nature. The workers at the underside of the chain of importance do non follow up on the assurance contriving in the organization a cluster. Choices are produced using start to finish. In view of the bureaucratic nature, the organization empowers the approval of functionaries to be skilled to distributed guidelines and rules. Accordingly approval is authentic, non self-assertive, ( G.A Cole, 2004 ) . In the organization, data is passed from the top course to the medicinal services staffs at the underside. Little do the underside medicinal services staffs at the base impact the assurance being made at the organization. The top executives figure all the guidelines and statutes to be trailed by the base staffs, there is an away from of functionaries from the responsibility for organization however the task to workplaces are made on the confirmations of capable competency. This course way can be recognized by Max Weber and the idea of Bureaucracy. Max Weber toward him school of thought do look to elucidate the kind of heading way that Care UK has adjusted. The course way is would ask for Care UK would be even more a fair nature where representatives are given a greater state in doing conclusions for what it's worth through their troublesome work and committednesss that has made the organization where it is today. The representatives deal with the land interfacing with the customers and they are the oculus of the organization. In the event that the are given a quit extent to do judgments on haw to run the organization it would better on the picture of the organization and they would encounter more bit of the organization. Since human asset arranging is worry with the progression of individuals however and a few times out of the organization, Care UK has adjusted a solid approach towards its human asset arranging. This can be seen through the organization enli

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Correspondence in business - Essay Example While on the opposite end, the philosophy that - social part of business is irreplaceable and an unavoidable piece of corporate administration, is pushed. Where one gathering contends that the sole reason for a business is to amplify benefits and make an incentive for investors, the other help Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a piece of their corporate plan. There has been a consistent ascent in the fame and essentialness of CSR and its job in making an effect on society, and at last on the business itself, prompting its appropriation and usage by a few corporate goliaths. Organizations across different segments have assumed up social liability and their obligations towards the general public, as a genuine and critical piece of their corporate plan (Nelson, 2004). It is clear from the way that yearly report of companies’ now incorporates manageability or social reports, where the social exercises of a business are gladly shown nearby the company’s budgetary repo rts. Organizations today are profoundly mindful of their job in the general public and the effect on the regular daily existences of its customers. Nonetheless, as the job and fame of CSR keeps on rising, a similarly noteworthy number of organizations, across Europe are consistently moving towards the appropriation of the regular Anglo-Saxon investor esteem model †with more noteworthy accentuation on benefits, sidelining social duty all the while. It is because of this very explanation, that the discussions encompassing the reason and job of business in the public eye, has accepted worldwide importance (The Economist, 2005). The job of business in the public arena: According to a few, the primary motivation behind business is to make riches and amplify investor esteem, while others think about advantage to society as a piece of business. Nonetheless, paying little heed to the clashing belief systems, the way that business is seemingly, the main human movement, which has a sweep ing effect on the general public, can't be denied. It can amass and aggregate HR, for an enormous scope, who are occupied with the creation of products and ventures for open utilization, while creating benefits all the while. Business not just produces benefits for the partners and proprietors yet in addition make an incentive to the general public as work and giving a wellspring of occupation to a large number of individuals. It is because of this explanation, that the job of business in the public eye is far more prominent than just producing benefits and consequently, organizations today have promptly consolidated the moral and good standards as a piece of their corporate duty. Organizations these days, carefully cling to their social duty with a similar get-up-and-go and enthusiasm as they go along if there should be an occurrence of their lawful commitments. The job of business in the public eye, in this way has broadened in the ongoing years and has moved past the legitimate, monetary and financial commitments to incorporate social and ecological commitments too (Blowfield, Murray, 2008). Contentions against corporate social obligation Milton Friedman bought in to the old style financial way of thinking which battle that business has one and only one duty †towards the investors and proprietors and that social issues don't and should not figure on the rundown of corporate targets. He further expressed that social perspectives are dealt with - by and in a free market economy, and on the off chance that it neglects to do as such, at that point it turns into the duty of the legislature, however business

Elaborate Concepts On The T-test Using Calculations And Spss - 825 Words

Elaborate Concepts On The T-test Using Calculations And Spss (Statistics Project Sample) Content: Statistical InterpretationNameInstitutionExercise 1A t-test was conducted to test whether there was a significant difference between the baselines and post LDL measurements of 15 participants after a nurse-based intervention. The mean difference between the two measurements was -8.2. The test was significant at t(14)=0.0036. This implies there was a statistically significant difference between the Baseline and Pre LDL values. A non-parametric test, the sign test was also used to determine whether a significant difference between the two measures exists. The probability that the median value was less than 0= (0.0461) was significant at alpha=0.05. Similar results were obtained using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test where the absolute value of the test statistics was significant at 0.00440.005 and the one sided test significant at 0.00220.005. The normal Q-Q plot shows that the data was close to normal since most of the points lie close to the slope line. All the tests giv e a similar outcome; the nurse-based intervention method improved the LDL cholesterol levels for the patients. However parametric tests are much easier to conduct, do not require a lot of data and can be used on various shapes of data. Non-parametric tests require large sample sizes, for example in the sign test, each of the paired samples should be present. These tests do not depend on the distribution of a sample, and the results tend to be invalid.Exercise 2An ACOVA analysis was conducted to determine whether LDL pre was a significant predictor of LDL post. A summary of the model fit shows that 51.68% of the variation was accounted for by the model while the rest was due to chance while the F-value=13.9014 was significant at 0.00250.005. A look at the parameter estimates revealed that LDL Pre was a significant predictor of LDL post at 0.00250.005. Finally, the normal quartile plot shows the data was normal since most of the values lie on and close to the slope line. The regressio n equation obtained was:LDL Post=-74.1888+1.4779489*LDL Pre * Predict the POST LDL and gain using the average Pre LDLLDL Post= -74.1888+1.4779489*138.067LDL Post= 129.8672Gain= -8.1998; -8.2 in exercise 1 * Predictions for pre LDL of 130 and 145LDL Post= -74.1888+1.4779489*130=117.9446Gain= -12.0554; -15 in exercise 1LDL Post= -74.1888+1.4779489*145=140.1138Gain = - 4.8862; 0 in exercise 1The results from exercise 2 seem more accurate since they are not rounded off to whole numbers. Furthermore, while getting the average between the Pre and Post LDL values, data accuracy may be lost due to truncation errors and rounding off. The ANCOVA method seems more appropriate and accurate.Exercise 3 POST 130 =130 Totals Pre 130 2 8 10 =130 13 7 20 Totals 15 15 30 Estimated proportion with LDL less than 130 pre and post;Expected frequency=230*100=6.6667%McNemars statistic2=(8-13)28+13=1.1905The p-value using excel;CHISQ.DIST.RT(1.1905,1)= 0.275229The McNemars test is used to determine whethe r there is an association between paired dichotomous variables. In this case, the p-value 0.2752290.05. This implies the proportions less than 130 pre is not equal to the proportion less than 130 Post. We conclude that there was no association between the case and control variables.Exercise 4Data Analysis Using SPSSA 95% confidence interval was used for all the testsT-TestPaired Samples Statistics Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 LDL PRE 138.07 15 6.041 1.560 LDL POST 129.87 15 12.420 3.207 Paired Samples Correlations N Correlation Sig. Pair 1 LDL PRE LDL POST 15 .719 .003 Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 LDL PRE - LDL POST 8.200 9.104 2.351 3.158 13.242 3.488 14 .004 SIGN TESTNPar TestsWilcoxon Signed Ranks TestRanks N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks LDL POST - LDL PRE Negative Ranks 10a 8.40 84.00 Positive Ranks 3b 2.33 7.00 Ties 2c T otal 15 a. LDL POST LDL PRE b. LDL POST LDL PRE

Online Gaming And Its Impact On Social Psychology

Through the formation and participation of major professional online game competitions to more leisure forms of gaming entertainment such as popular YouTube channels, online gaming is continually growing from a form of hobby and quickly becoming a mainstream form of lifestyle. The idea of friendships initiating solely online, and growing into complex relationships that readily provide and accept social support, has become a vibrant social experience. Video game genres such as MMO’s (Massively Multiplayer Online), which could be subcategorized into genre’s such as MMORPGs (MMO Role Playing Games) or MOBAs (Massive Online Battle Areas), aggressively inspire interaction and communication between gamers. Popular MMORPG’s such as World of Warcraft offer involving storytelling and large scale boss fights that require large amounts of teamwork and cooperation to succeed. These features strongly motivate communication and collaboration, which in turn possibly begin the development of acquaintanceship between players. The aspects of online relationships have only just begun to develop as a field of study in social psychology. More extreme aspects of online interaction and conduct have been studied in the past. Topics range from cyber bullying (Thacker, 2012), to online romances (Huyhn, 2013), even sexual and gender identity (Martey, 2014). The topic suggested here is more concentrated on social and emotional support, more precisely: Does the anonymity of being online allow peopleShow MoreRelatedExploring The Potential For Addiction1543 Words   |  7 PagesOn-line gaming has grown a great deal in the last decade, connecting players in countries around the world. World of Warcraft is perhaps the best-known massively multiplayer online roleplaying game (MMORPG). 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However, the general consensus seems to be that video games can have a negative impact on teenage behavior and mental health. Playing video games is linked to depression, anxiety, antisocial behavior, and aggression among teenagers. One of the richest areas of research is in the realm of the relationship between playing violent video

Factors Affecting Motivation in Public Organizations

Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Motivation in Public Organisations _________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Motivation is known as important as other factors for achieving the organisational goals. The high motivation led the employees to the extreme commitment with the organisation goals. Similarly high employee motivation leads to greater employee creativity and productivity, in this survey it has been found that the two independent variables, which are quality supervision and participation, are positively related to the dependent variable, motivation. The participation has a strong†¦show more content†¦Similarly the dissatisfying or the extrinsic factors like company policies, salary, co-worker relations, supervisor relationship and job security etc. feels the employee dissatisfied and less motivated. In the same management guide it has been clearly mentioned that the perceived inequality has been shown to lead to low motivation. It has also been pointed in the guide that by investing the time will provide opportunities to employee motivation. Porter and miles (1974) proved that the motivation energises, directs and sustains behaviour. They also identified four factor/variables namely individual characteristics, job characteristics, work environment and the external environment. If motivation is to be affected, one or more of these variables must be changed or affected. Also, government middle managers have higher needs for achievement and lower needs for affiliation than did their business counter parts, but their needs for power may roughly the same. Rawls et al (1975) have found that standards about to enter government sector were significantly more dominated and flexible. They had higher capacity for status and economic wealth. 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Food Retailers Target - Wal-Mart - Albertson and Rosauers

Question: Compare specific products of these four retailers supercenters limited Target, Wal-Mart, Albertson and Rosauers? Answer: There are many types of food retailers that became popular in the U.S., such as supercenters, limited assortment supermarkets, and warehouse clubs. When we compare the retailers food products, we will see that these retailers are different. For example if we compare some food products of four food retailers like Target, Wal-Mart, Albertson, and Rosauers we find that each one of these food retailers have their unique strategy and approach. The best way to understand alterations between these strategies is to compare specific products of these four retailers. The products that we will compare are milk, beef, bread, and yogurt. Target: Target is the second biggest supercenter in the U.S. They are able to provide high quality products with good prices. Based on their image and strategy, people go to buy milk from Target. They provide a wide variety of milk and milk alternatives. Their dairy milk offerings are whole milk, low fat milk, and fat free milk. They also offer organic milk, lactose free milk, and flavored milk having chocolate or strawberry flavor. For milk alternatives they provide soy milk, rice milk, and coconut milk. These categories have deep collection that specifies flavors, and vitamin enhancement. They have a big variety of milk products compared to other food retailers and a wide assortment that covers every type of milk people would normally buy from the market. Another product to analyze at Target is fresh beef products. They sell a variety of fresh beef that are divided into ground beef; beef steaks or other cuts, and combined with meat combination packs. Each category has different fat levels, and different kinds of beef. For example, sirloin, and flank are types of beef steaks that they offer. Although they offer adequate varieties of beef products, but a lot of organic or grass-fed beef options were not offered. In addition, we see wide varieties of bread products being offered by Target. They sell sandwich breads, bagel, French breads, hamburger buns, hotdogs buns, English muffins, corn tortillas, flour tortillas, dinner rolls, country rolls, and pita bread. These breads have wide assortment that like wheat or white, and it can be with added grains cinnamon, raisins, or blueberries. Furthermore, yogurt is another good example in Target. They have whole fat, low fat, and fat free yogurt options. Some of the products have flavors like strawberries, blueberries, or added honey. Moreover, they sell a few options of organic yogurt, and they have some yogurt sizes that are bigger than 32oz. Target sells a distinctive type of product brands that will be limited to their stores. According to Margulies, Ron, BecauseTargethas exclusive rights to sell these items; it's able to create its own niche in the grocery category. They have a special supply chain that will provide them exclusive milk products that is considered high quality. In consequence, their prices are slightly higher than other supercenters. For example, a whole milk is selling for $3.99 which is high compared to the other food retailers, and they have some sandwich bread that sells for $5.79 which is higher compared to the others. Target is a self-service retailer, but they try to provide a great shopping experience with friendly staffs that are willing to help and assist customers. Target is focusing on hiring diverse employees with different backgrounds in U.S., which is considered a melting pot country; to enjoy their shopping experience and to build a strong relationship with customers from every background. When Target focus on this direction, they will create a socially responsible image around the nation. They also have a multichannel retailing through advanced website and mobile application that is useful for browsing their products or buying online grocery goods. Their app won an award for the best in design, easiness, and efficiency. Target has three locations in Spokane area in the north, south and valley area. Their intention is to cover most of Spokane area neighborhoods. Moreover there are not many stores in Spokane because their target customers are adequate for these chosen locations. Besides the great services they offer, Target has an exciting design of their stores that is unique and distinctive. Their purpose is to create enjoyable, simple and comfortable design that differentiates them from others. Blackwelder said, More than 80% praise Target's layout, agreeing that they never have trouble finding products they are searching. This shows that Target is a very organized food retailer. Target used various promotions. The most popular was advertisements. They have intended to promote their brand especially in special events such as Christmas, and Thanksgiving holidays. They have offered special deals and offers for these events. Targets advertisements focused on young professional people who are looking for high value products. Hiesy declared, It may not sell $20 extra-extra-virgin olive oils, but it may offer several flavored olive oils at $6.(Hiesy) That means Target is trying to sell products that is considered high quality with reasonable prices. They can provide value to their customers when they established a youthful and fun environment in their stores. Wal-Mart: Walmart is considered the biggest retailer in the United States. Their revenue in 2014 was $476,294 million with 1.8% growth from 2013. Their strategy is to help customers save money by selling discounted products. According to Levy and Weitz the writes of Retailing Management book Walmart operates more than 3,000 supercenters in the United Sates. This show how big their business is and how they are serving a huge number of U.S population. When we compare their products with other retailers we find that they have the biggest variety and assortments of products. They provide a huge range of milk and milk products in stores, such as whole fat milk, low fat milk, and fat free milk. These types of milk can be offered in special flavors, and characteristics, such as lactose free, gluten free, or organic. In addition, they provide lots of milk alternatives products such as rice milk, coconut milk, soya milk, and vegan milk. They also sell varieties of fresh beef products like ground beef, beef bone in steaks, beef boneless steaks, beef ribs, beef filet, and roast beef. Some of these beef varieties can be organic or grass fed. Besides they vary in fat percentage and cut styles. The third product of comparison is bread. They have a big section for sandwich bread which comes in different sizes and tastes. They also provide roll bread, hamburger bun bread, hotdog bun bread, croissant, artisan bread, tortillas, and pita wraps. Th ese breads are offered in wheat, white, multi- grained, with added raisins, low fat, or dairy free and gluten-free bread to satisfy people who follow the gluten-free diet. Furthermore, yogurt selections at Walmart are massive. They provide low fat, fat free and whole fat yogurt. They can be Greek, organic, kosher (satisfy Jewish requirements); gluten free, natural, and low sodium which satisfy many different needs of the society. When people go grocery shopping at Walmart, they expect a self-service which they get. The employees do not ask customers if they need help or have any questions; however, they are always willing to help customer when they need assistance. They offer phone service where they answer question about products and prices. They have a Website and an App for e-commerce shopping. They provide information about products prices, varieties, and brands. They also assort offers and deals for sales and coupons. Doug McMillon the President and chief executive of Walmart stated, Were also intent on creating transformative growth by adding capabilities in e-commerce and mobile commerce.(Doug McMillon, 5). Walmart is focusing on e- commerce shopping in recent years. They want to have a great Internet service for people who prefer shopping online by satisfying different needs and wants, and allowing people to get more information about products. When it comes to their promotion, Walmart offers many dea ls that help customers to save money. Besides the Internet service, Walmart offer 24hours shopping which is one of the fewest that offer this type of service around the U.S. In Spokane area, Walmart is located in 5 locations that are distributed between north, west, south, and Spokane valley area. Their goal is to cover most areas in Spokane to serve the mass market. Additionally, Wal-Marts design is simple and basic. They do not focus on colors or decoration. All Walmart supercenters are organized and clean. They tend to go for practical designs that are good enough for their business goals. From the products comparisons, Wal-Marts target market is middle to low class people who care about saving money and evaluates the alternatives. Wal-Marts target peoples lifestyle is different from other retailers. Most of them thinks about saving for the future and are financially insecure. The annual report of Walmart indicates, Customers choose Walmart for our broad assortment, including national brands and locally relevant merchandise, at everyday low prices (EDLP). Customers shop from Wal-Mart because they want to get decent products with great prices, and Wal-Marts deals help them feel smart about spending money, they have created EDLP strategy for spending less money in grocery shopping. This strategy ensures that their prices are not necessarily the lowest but are somehow low compared to others. Many retailers try to understand their strategy of offering less prices because it have been an advantage for them to offer low prices for same products that is existing in other retailers. Because they have been focusing only on offering best prices their business profit became good, but they have ignored some important business decisions when it comes to social responsibilities and the company image. They can improve their image by increasing employee wage or sponsoring some community events. Albertsons: The first Albertson store was opened in Idaho, and the founder Joe Albertson was working at Safeway before he opened his store. Albertson is a conventional super market that carries about 30,000 SKU. When we compare their milk products they have an average variety and assortments. They offer whole milk, 2% milk, 1% milk and fat free milk. They even have milk alternatives such as soy milk, rice milk, and Almond milk. They tend to cover most of peoples needs, but they dont offer a lot of assortments to choose from each milk category. They lean towards small packs of milk rather than large 1-gallon milk. Beef is another product to look into. They provide an average variety and assortment of beef products compared to supercenters. They provide fresh ground beef, sirloin, beef steaks- boneless or with bones. Their beef offers are not so many to choose from. They can cover household needs but maybe not wants. Indeed, that is also the situation when it comes to their bread collections. They have sandwich bread, Focaccia bread, artisan bread, and English muffins. Their bread selections can be wheat, white, or multigrain. Even their yogurt choices are not big either. They have Greek yogurt, flavored yogurt, and fat free yogurt. They do not offer a lot of sizes and flavors. Albertsons prices are considered reasonable. For example the highest price for Albertsons sandwich bread is $4.99 and other retailer are above $5. Also, gallon organic milk is $3.49 which is a reasonable price compared to Target $4.49. Albertsons is also a self-service retail food store. Customers can ask questions and get help only if they ask employees. Besides their store service, Albertson conduct a multichannel retailing for customers. They have a great website and mobile application so customers can search for information and buy products from them. In their website they illustrate deals, sales, and coupons options for customers, and the website has advertisements and whats new in their store. When it comes to their store design, customers find it clean and basic and have a unique and special design. They go for a more comfortable laid back design. In Albertsons, it is easy to find needed products because of its size and its clear and simple design. Moreover, there are 6 Albertsons stores in Spokane which cover many neighborhoods in Spokane area. When analyzing their vision statements, it is clear that they have a geographic target market. They directed their business to serve many neighborhoods and be their best choice for easy weakly grocery shopping. They satisfy their customers when they provide a decent size store. Customers can find it easier and faster to find what they need. Offering an average variety of products for customers can be a disadvantage. Many customers will go to supercenters where they can have more options especially they have comparable prices and qualities to supercenters. Albertson can overcome their challenges by offering either lower prices or better qualities. Their business position in customers minds will be more understandable when they improve their qualities or lower prices by that way they will be known either for these two characteristics. Rosauers: Rosauers is a unique retail store offer mostly food products, they have 21 stores around the U.S, and its headquarter is in Spokane WA. It is considered a conventional food retailer that offers high quality food products. Their milk product varieties are average. They provide whole milk, 2% milk, 1% milk, and fat free milk. And they have chocolate milk flavor, organic, and lactose free. Their milk varieties are sufficient, but they are in scarcity when it comes to wide assortments. The beef products they offer are of high quality, with fewer varieties compared to supercenters. They have ground beef with different fat percentage, and different kinds of beef steaks such as sirloin and chuck beef stakes. Their bread quality is high but variety is not much available. They provide a delicious selection of bread such as, sandwich bread, bagel, English muffins, burger buns, hot dog buns, and many styles of French bread. They also offer some bread crisps that are flavored or plain. The breads can be wheat, white, or multigrain. They dont provide many options of organic bread or gluten free bread. Also, Rosauers have a decent selection of yogurt. They have different sizes Form less than 5.3oz to 32oz, and they can be whole fat, low fat, fat free, flavored, Greek or organic. Rosauers prices are the highest. Looking at one product example, they sell a flavored 5.3oz yogurt for 1.29-3.99, whereas Targets sell it for $1.14 and Albertsons for $1.33. Rosauers is also a self-service retailer, but their employees are always willing to help customers to find products and ask questions. According to their website, Our knowledgeable staff is happy to answer any question our customers might have and are always willing to assist with searching for the right product.Rosauers also have an online website service to provide information about their products. Their website specifies sales promotion like coupons, gift cards, and loyalty cards. Furthermore, they have advertised their company on T.V to promote their business and inform people about their products. When people visit Rosauers they get excited about their unique and classy design inside the store. The store design helps them to protect Rosauers image and position. In addition, it helps them to satisfy the target market who is looking for a high quality and sophisticated food retailer. Rosauers target market is middle to upper class people who have a higher income than average American. Also, their target markets lifestyle is different from others because they have certain opinion and behaviors about food and food qualities. Rosauers will provide value to their customers when they provide best food quality as promised, it is stated in their website, We pride ourselves on providing our customers with only the highest quality products. Because they offer high quality food products, their prices are high compared to other food retailers and this can be a disadvantage for them. To cover this problem, they can try to lower their costs by changing their supply chain, or produce a private label brand that offers an organic or natural food products. Milk Target Walmart Albertsons Rosauers Whole 3.99 1.99 3.89 1% 3.99 1.99 3.79 Fat free 3.99 1.99 2.79-3.79 Almond 3.04 2.99 g organic 4.49 3.49 Beef Target Walmart Albertsons Rosauers Ground beef per pound 4-6 4.99 4.50/4.55 Chuck 6.99 5.99-6.99 5.99per pound Sirloin 7.99 9.99 5.99 per pound Yogurt Target Walmart Albertsons Rosauers Organic 3.69 Flavored 5.3oz .99-1.14 1.33 1.29-2.29 32-35oz 6.49 3.69 2.29-3.99 Bread Target Walmart Albertsons Rosauers Sandwich 1.3-5.79 1.99-4.99 1.39-5.29 Burger bun 1.49-3.49 2.99 4.29 Bagel 2.99 4.69 English muffins 2.49 3.49 Reference Hisey, P. (2003). A glimpse of target's food strategy.Progressive Grocer,82(1), 19. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/220963153?accountid=7305 Blackwelder, J. (2006). Why customers keep coming back to target.Retailing Today,45(22), 3-3,26. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/228487221?accountid=7305 Margulis, R. (2012). Here comes TARGET.Canadian Grocer,126(9), 38-42,44. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1223377259?accountid=7305 Gallagher, J. (2014). Walmart, target neck and neck in SN price check.Supermarket News,Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1494679003?accountid=7305 https://cdn.corporate.walmart.com/66/e5/9ff9a87445949173fde56316ac5f/2014-annual-report.pdf https://www.albertsons.com/our-company/traditions-history/ https://www.albertsons.com/our-company/our-mission/ Rosauers supermarkets, inc - company capsule.(2013). (). Basingstoke: Progressive Digital Media. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1552674190?accountid=7305

Policy Position on Energy Development

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to contrast the policy positions of President Barrack Obama and Mitt Romney on energy development. In the 2012 US presidential campaigns, these leaders have promised to implement various policies in the energy sector if elected as the next president.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Position on Energy Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Following his election in 2008, President Obama focused on developing clean energy. This strategy was meant to reduce the use of oil in the US and to improve the quality of the environment. In 2011, Obama developed a master plan that will enable the US to double its production of renewable energy. According to this master plan, 80% of the country’s electricity will be produced through clean energy sources such as nuclear and natural gas (Jindal, 2012). The president has also offered grants and tax credits to support t he development and use of alternative energy. In early 2012, Obama modified his energy policy by opting to exploit all sources of energy. Romney’s policy, on the other hand, focuses on reforming regulations in the energy sector. Furthermore, he advocates for increased production of energy at the local level. Romney has promised to streamline rules that are used to control pollution in the fossil fuel industry. Unlike Obama, Romney has called for increased production and use of oil and gas. He argues that the fossil fuel industry has the potential of creating more jobs (Murray, 2012). Despite these differences, the two candidates agree that dependence on oil imports should be reduced. Additionally, they agree that the energy sector should be expanded in order to facilitate economic growth. Since energy development is a broad topic, this paper will focus on the candidates’ positions on the Keystone pipeline project and ANWR.Advertising Looking for essay on environme ntal studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Keystone Pipeline Project The Keystone pipeline is a transport system through which crude oil will be transported from Canada to various locations in the United States. The oil will be transported through a pipeline that connects the two countries. The transport system will cover approximately 3,461 kilometers. Figure 1 shows the proposed route of the pipeline, whereas figure 2 shows a section of the completed phase. The project was adopted in 2010 by the government of the US and Canada to facilitate economic growth through expansion of the energy sector. Concisely, Canada will benefit by increasing its oil exports to the United States (Jindal, 2012). Additionally, it will be able to use various ports in the US to export its oil to other countries. The United States, on the other hand, will benefit by accessing enough oil to satisfy its growing energy needs. Furthermore, transportin g oil through the pipeline is considered to be relatively safe. The project is also expected to create jobs in both countries. In the United States, the project has temporarily been stopped due to economic, political and environmental concerns. The policy positions of the two presidential candidates on the project are summarized in table 1. Figure 1: Map of the Keystone Pipeline Route Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Position on Energy Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 2: Completed Section of the Pipeline Table 1: Positions on Keystone Pipeline Obama Romney Has opposed the project by suspending its implementation Has strongly supported the implementation of the project Argues that the project has potential environmental impacts such as air and water pollution, as well as, destruction of wildlife and their habitats Argues that the potential environmental impacts can be addressed e ffectively. Thus, the project should not be stopped due to the expected environmental effects Believes that developing alternative energy sources can create more jobs than the Keystone project Believes that the Keystone project is likely to create more jobs than the clean energy sector Believes that the project will increase USA’s dependence on imported oil Believes that the project is necessary since USA’s demand for energy is increasing. Thus, more oil will still be imported even if the project is abandoned Argues that the project is likely to serve the interest of Canada at the expense of the US Argues that the US will be the gainer since it will access reliable supply of oil and create more job opportunities President Obama’s Position President Obama has postponed the implementation of the project due to rising concerns about its potential impacts to the environment. Environmentalists believe that the project is likely to cause air and water polluti on. Additionally, the construction of the pipeline will lead to the destruction of wildlife and their migratory routes. According to the original plan, the pipeline will pass through wetlands such as the Sand-hills in Nebraska. It will also cross important reservoirs such as the Ogallala Aquifer which supplies water to more than two million citizens. Thus, any oil spills will lead to massive water pollution. These fears are exacerbated by the fact that the pipeline will pass through regions which are susceptible to high intensity earthquakes. An oil spill is likely to occur if the pipeline is destroyed by earthquake or seismic activities. The process of mining tar sands will also lead to the destruction of ancient forests. Besides, the process will create large pits which are health hazards.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Empirical studies indicate that using the oil is likely to cause acidic rain which is harmful to both wildlife and the human population. Moreover, acidic rain will affect fisheries if it finds its way into lakes and oceans. Obama and his fellow democrats believe that the project will only serve the interest of Canada. In a nutshell, transporting the oil to the Gulf Coast will lead to its exportation to Asian markets. Consequently, it will not help the United States to improve its fuel independence. Selling the oil in the United States is expected to increase the country’s dependence on fossil fuel. This contradicts Obama’s initial energy policy which focuses on replacing the use of fossil fuels with clean energy. Consequently, Obama believes that alternative programs such as implementing the new automobile mileage standards will be desirable. These programs will not only reduce carbon emission, but will also create more job opportunities in the automobile industry. Acc ording to Obama, a thriving alternative energy sector is likely to create more jobs than the Keystone project. Additionally, developing the clean energy sector is the best way of ensuring reliable energy supply. Fuel price is not expected to reduce after the construction of the pipeline since oil prices are controlled by forces of demand and supply in the global market. In this regard, the project will have little contribution in the process of economic growth and job creation. Engineers in the energy sector have warned that the project can lead to over capacity in the oil industry. After completing the project, most pipelines in the United States are expected to operate at half capacity. Constructing a pipeline that is expected to be underutilized is a sign of resource misallocation. Consequently, the country’s scarce resources should be used for other viable projects rather than the Keystone pipeline system. Romney’s Position Romney acknowledges the fact that the pro ject is likely to cause environmental pollution. However, he argues that the best solution is to find ways of addressing the pollution rather than abandoning the project. In this context, he has promised to streamline regulation in the oil industry in order to promote safe production and use of fossil fuels (WSJ, 2012). The communities which are likely to be affected by the project will be compensated. For instance, land owners will receive compensations for their properties. Thus, the project will not cause losses to the affected communities. According to Romney, abandoning the project will expose the United States to higher environmental risks. More oil has to be imported in order to meet the growing demand. However, the existing pipelines are facing capacity constraints. Thus, abandoning the project will necessitate transportation of oil through trains and trucks. These alternative transportation methods are likely to cause high pollution through greenhouse gas emissions. Additio nally, transporting oil by road or railway systems is likely to cause more accidents than the pipeline. Transport economists argue that transporting oil through a pipeline costs less than using trains and trucks. Hence, the project will lead to significant cost savings which will promote economic growth. Romney’s support for the project is also based on the premise that Canada is the most reliable supplier of oil to the United States. Oil supplies from Venezuela, Mexico, as well as, Nigeria is expected to reduce in the next decade due to declining production. However, oil production in Canada is expected to increase in the next decade. Consequently, it will be in the interest of the United States to secure oil supply from Canada. This will help in avoiding future oil shocks. Romney and his fellow republicans have dismissed claims that the pipeline will serve the interest of Canada at the expense of the United States. The project is expected to create more construction jobs th an any project in the energy industry (Murray, 2012). Given the current economic decline, the jobs will help thousands of Americans and businesses to fulfill their financial dreams. Romney argues that the oil from Canada will still be exported to Asian markets even if the project is abandoned. Canada has the potential of using alternative routes to export its oil to overseas markets. Thus, constructing the pipeline will enable the US to generate revenue by allowing Canada to export oil through the Gulf Coast. The revenue will be generated through the fees that Canada will pay for the use of USA’s portion of the pipeline and other facilities such as ports. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) ANWR is located in the northern part of Alaska. It is a protected wildlife refuge that supports thousands of plant and animal species. Figure 3 shows part of the refuge. Some of the most common animal species in the refuge include polar bears, lemmings and caribou. The refuge is one of the most important tourist attractions in America. Apart from providing habitats for wildlife, the refuge also holds large amounts of oil deposits. Over two billion barrels of crude oil can be obtained in this region. The presence of oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has generated debate on the future use of the land in which it is located. Some industrialists and political leaders believe that the oil should be drilled in order to meet the country’s energy demands. However, drilling oil in the refuge will lead to destruction of wildlife and environmental pollution. It is against this backdrop that most environmentalists oppose any attempts to drill oil in the region. The positions of President Obama and Romney on ANWR are summarized in table 2. Figure 3: Part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Table 2: Positions on ANWR Barrack Obama Mitt Romney Has opposed oil exploration in ANWR in his 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns Has openly supported explora tion and drilling of oil at the ANWR in his presidential campaigns Argues that alternative energy sources such as wind, solar and nuclear should be used to enhance USA’s energy independence Argues that drilling oil in ANWR will help in achieving his ‘no regrets’ energy plans. In a nutshell, it will help in improving America’s energy independence Supports the view that oil exploration in ANWR will lead to destruction of wildlife and cause environmental pollution Acknowledges the fact that oil exploration in ANWR has negative environmental effects. However, he intends to introduce measures such tax incentives on fuel efficient cars in order to protect the ecosystem Supports the implementation of policies that encourage protection of the environment including the ANWR Has promised to eliminate regulations that hamper exploitation of fossil fuel resources including oil exploration in the ANWR Argues that oil reserves at the ANWR are not sufficient for long term supply. Hence, he recommends long term solutions Argues that oil supply from ANWR will supplement other oil and energy sources. Thus, it will help in reducing oil imports Obama’s Position President Obama has always opposed oil exploration at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge due to the following reasons. The president supports the view that drilling oil in the refuge will cause serious environmental problems such as air pollution and destruction of the ecosystem. It is apparent that oil exploration activities in the refuge will cause destruction to wildlife and their habitats. Environmental studies have revealed that oil exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge will cause irreversible damage. This means that rehabilitating the refuge after the depletion of the oil deposits will not be possible. Thus, stopping the exploration is the best way to protect the refuge. According to Obama, oil production in the ANWR has little economic value. The refuge can not produce enough oil to support economic activities in the United States for a long time. Besides, the oil will not have any effects on the international oil prices. Thus, the United States will still experience difficulties in production due to high oil prices. In this regard, drilling oil in the ANWR will not help in solving America’s energy problems. Whereas the economic benefits of the oil are expected to be little, the cost of the exploration is expected to be very high. The government will spend billions of dollars to extract the oil. Additionally, the damage costs resulting from the pollution that will be caused by the exploration are expected to be high. Hence, drilling oil at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge will be a net loss to the society. Obama has always proposed the use of alternative energy sources instead of drilling oil at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Since 2008, the president has promoted the use of ethanol, as well as, liquid coal. The preside nt has been implementing policies that facilitate conservation of the environment such as using energy efficient cars. These measures are expected to help the US to manage the effects of global warming such as climate change. According to Obama, America can only sustain its economic prosperity if it focuses on the use of sustainable energy sources. Thus, his opposition to short term solutions such as drilling oil at the ANWR becomes apparent. Energy economists argue that short term solutions will worsen the country’s energy problem. This argument is based on the premise that short term solutions enable the country to solve its current energy problems. However, they deny the country the opportunity to focus on long term solutions which are commercially viable and sustainable. Romney’s Position Romney’s support for oil exploration in the ANWR is underpinned by his ‘no regret’ policy on energy development. According to Romney, reliable and adequate sup ply of energy can be achieved if all energy sources are exploited. Thus, his energy plan focuses on the development of both renewable and non-renewable energy. Additionally, he argues that dependence on oil imports can be reduced or eliminated by increasing investments in domestic energy production. Importing oil is undesirable since the government has little control over the supply. Besides, Americans can be exploited through high prices if the country continues to depend on imported oil. It is against this backdrop that Romney argues for the oil exploration in the refuge. According to Romney, most states are grappling with unreliable and inadequate oil supply. In the last decade, industrial activities have increased in most states. Additionally, the growth in population has led to an increase in the number of vehicles in the United States. These trends are partly responsible for the limited availability of oil in America. Oil supply from the refuge will, at least, help in meeting the current demand. He also points out that most states, especially, in the northern part of America have been unable to use alternative energy sources such as wind due to legal, political and economic reasons. Hence, it will be in the interest of such states to access oil from domestic sources such as the ANWR. Romney has promised to streamline regulations in the energy sector in order to facilitate oil drilling in the ANWR and any other part of the country. His regulatory reforms include fast-tracking the process of issuing permits to oil companies. This will help in reducing any delays in oil production. He is intending to repeal legislations that hamper oil production in various parts of the country (Murray, 2012). The targeted legislations include the Clean Air Act, as well as, the Clean Water Act. Finally, Romney agrees with environmentalists on the environmental impacts of drilling oil in the ANWR. However, he argues that the exploration should be done in a safe and responsib le manner in order to avoid the expected negative effects (Murray, 2012). According to Romney, protecting the environment should not jeopardize economic development. Hence, the government should focus on drilling oil at the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The expected effects on the environment can be addressed through policies that encourage safe production and use of oil. For instance, only accredited companies should be allowed to drill the oil in order to minimize pollution. Conclusion President Obama’s policy on energy development focuses on the production of clean energy. Obama supports the production and use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. His position has been informed by the need to protect the environment from the adverse effects of energy production (Jindal, 2012). Consequently, he has opposed the construction of the Keystone pipeline. He has also opposed oil exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Romney, on the other hand, focuses on promoting energy independence in the United States. His energy development policy advocates for the exploitation of all energy sources. This strategy will help in increasing access to cheap and reliable energy. Consequently, he supports the construction of the Keystone pipeline and oil exploration in the ANWR. Despite these differences, the two leaders agree that energy production in the US should be increased. Moreover, reliance on imported oil should be reduced. References Baumeister, C., Peersman, G. (2008). Time-Varying Effects of Oil Supply Shocks on the US Economy. Economic Review, 3(4), 56-59. Datta, A., Gautam, B., Saha, H. (2011). Green Energy Sources Selection based on Multi-Creteria Decision Analysis. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 5(2), 271-286. Freund, F., Walmsley, D., Wreesmann, J. (2012). Sustainable Plant Oil Production for Aviation Fuels. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 3(2), 37-42. Jindal, B. 2012. Obama’ s Politicized Energy Policy. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/ Mohanty, M. (2012). New Renewable Enrgy Sources, Green Energy Development and Climate Change. International Journal of Environmental Quality Management, 23(3), 264-274. Murray, R. 2012. Rommey Oulines His Energy Policy. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/ Omar, A. (2012). Clean Energies Development in Built Environment. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 9(1), 45-63. Reza, M., Parvar, J. (2012). US Industry Level Returns and Oil Prices. International Review of Economics and Finance, 22(1), 112-128. Solari, P., Minervini, G. (2004). Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources and Sustainable Management of Territory. International Journal of Environmental Quality Management, 15(1), 41-47. Wilkerson, C. (2000). Can US Oil Production Survive the 20th Century? Economic Review, 1(1), 51-62. Yanes, J., Grosse, R. (2007). US Oil Import Dependence: Which Way Out? International Journal of Energy Se ctor Management, 1(2), 195-202. This essay on Policy Position on Energy Development was written and submitted by user Paloma Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Barclays Bank believes that university students are an extremely valuable segmentation for business banking markets. The WritePass Journal

Barclays Bank believes that university students are an extremely valuable segmentation for business banking markets. Introduction Barclays Bank believes that university students are an extremely valuable segmentation for business banking markets. Introduction  I.  Ã‚  Research ObjectivesResearch Process  II.  Ã‚  Research QuestionsDefined the Research QuestionsResearch Questions for this ProposalIII.  MethodologyResearch PhilosophyResearch Philosophy for this ProposalResearch MethodResearch Method in this ProposalIV.  Research DesignDefined Five Research DesignResearch Design for this Proposal  V.   Ã‚  Data Collection DesignDefined the way of Data CollectionData Collection Design in this proposal  VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  SamplingSampling methodSampling method used in this proposalQuestionnaire Design in this proposalVII. Collection DataDefined the method of data collectionVIII.  Data Analysis ProcessDefined Data AnalysisData Analysis in this proposalIX.  BudgetX.  Ã‚  Ã‚  RecommendationsConclusionsBibliography BibliographyRelated Introduction Barclays Bank believes that university students are an extremely valuable segmentation for business banking markets, but the business of banking services is intensely competitive. In order to Barclays Bank attract more university student customers and to keep them in a long term, Barclays requires understanding the target market, what are universities students in the UK â€Å"needs and wants†. By describing the research process, the objectives of this market research will be notified. Following with the research questions and research design and method details will be formed. In addition, this research proposal is helping Barclays to increase its market share, and using market research to ensure Barclays provide the right product and services to the UK students target market.   I.  Ã‚  Research Objectives The main objective of this research proposal for Barclays Bank is to achieve the target which can provide the right products or services to university students in the UK and understand what are their â€Å"needs and wants† for bank account. Otherwise, we will add value propositions to attract more students for Barclays and keep these customers over time. This has divided into the following objectives: To understand the reason that students choose Barclays as their first bank account. To investigate what feature would be considered when university students start a new bank account. To inspect the property for Barclays banking services can attract new university students. To increase university student account market. To ensure the graduate students will continue obtain their bank account. Research Process According to Kumar (2005), a well managed severe, systematic, reliable, demonstrable, experimental, and critical is substantial research. In the next parts, it will describe the following research process for Barclays Bank. Kumar (2005) has defined those eight steps for process of research, which is shown in Figure 1: The following research will be chosen some parts for the proposal.   Ã‚   Figure 1 Research Process (Kumar, 2005)   II.  Ã‚  Research Questions Defined the Research Questions According to Saunder et al. (2007) research design questions are related for many aspects: ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What intrigues me? ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why am I doing it? (Is it a contribution to knowledge?) ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What models, frameworks, etc? ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How am I going to collect data? Research Questions for this Proposal In this research, the title â€Å"Barclays Bank and targeting University Students† is being chosen the object of research and analysis. Otherwise, the questions are to understand student customers’ needs and wants. By using questions can get information that can utilise on market decision. There are four main research questions that can be developed and easily to understand this research objective. Which bank is your first account? What bank features would attract university students? What bank services would customers need? What reason would affect customers to continue their account? III.  Methodology Grinnell (1993) has pointed out that the word â€Å"research† can define as ‘a structured inquiry that utilises acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and creates new knowledge that is generally applicable’. Methodology sections will separate into two factors which are research philosophy and research method. Research Philosophy In research philosophy area, the research methods are discussed ontology and epistemology commonly. According the theory, both of methods are related to philosophical perspectives. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ontological perspective: The researchers can discover the essence of knowledge which exists in the world (Snape Spencer, 2003). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Epistemological perspective: The perspective is to discuss what knowledge can be believed (Bryman Bell, 2007). Research Philosophy for this Proposal For this research, it utilises the epistemological aim to help the proposal to find out the right services, which may provide Barclays Banks to attract more university students. In addition, to understand the purchased behaviour by students, it may use EKB model on research survey to realise Barclay’s customers. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   EKB model: Engel et al. defined EKB model in 1978. EKB model will be the method for survey, and it can help to realise customers buying behaviour on decision-making. Engel et al. (2001), defined five steps that consumers decided to purchase the products, which are shown in Figure 2. These steps are showing the process of purchase behaviour by customers. Figure 2 EKB five steps (Engel et al. 2001) Research Method In order to find out the value propositions for Barclays Bank, the main two research methods which are qualitative research method and quantitative research method will be considered in this proposal. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are the two ways usually use in the research area. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quantitative research method: This method is to collect quantifiable data and make it from objective views to produce the final results (Bryman Bell, 2007). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Qualitative research method: This method is focus on understand and describe peoples’ perspectives to create a logical outcome (Snape Spencer, 2003). Creswell (2003) point out that how to choose a research method in the analysis research, which is based on the target audiences or past experiences. In addition, customers’ behaviour may affect their purchase decision. According to Engel, Kollat and Blackwell theory, EKB model is the basis of decision-making process for customer behaviour, and this process is referred to the actual consumers’ cognitive thinking when they purchase products. That is to say, EKB model is one of important elements to understand what customers’ thinking when they have decision-making situations. Research Method in this Proposal ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quantitative research method was identified to be more suitable for this research. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quantitative questioning will be used in the proposal. All quantitative questions will be shown in Appendix. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using EKB model in questionnaires and it will be shown in Appendix as well. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Likert scale will be one of the parts in the questionnaires, Likert scale will be used in most of questionnaires. The typical five levels for Likert item are: Strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree. IV.  Research Design Defined Five Research Design There are five kinds of research design different purposes such as, ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Experimental design: This main concept of design is to analysis of qualitative or quantitative research which can examine the differences and form the foundation (Bryman Bell, 2007). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cross-sectional design: This design is usually used in quantitative research (Kumar, 2005). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Longitudinal design: Longitudinal design is a study to determine the amount of changes (Bryman Bell, 2007). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Case study design: Only single instance will be studied in the most case, and details related to that case will be collected. This model is suitable for qualitative research (Bryman Bell, 2007). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparative design: The research can be seen as the comparative design which has consisted of more than one case and to compare or evaluate the differences or similarities (Bryman Bell, 2007). Research Design for this Proposal As for Barclay’s research, the aim is to add value propositions that can utilise in marketing decision. To consider of this research design, this research is to find out the customers behaviour for university students in the UK and to the collect a certain number of different information is needed to support for this research. This research would follow case study and collection data in order to have a deeper understanding of the impact on value propositions from the research, obtaining the appropriate strategy by the UK university students’ requirements. Moreover, the EKB model and Likert scale discussed previously will be the fundamental theories to analyse the survey data.   V.   Ã‚  Data Collection Design Defined the way of Data Collection According to Kumar (2005), data collection can be use in observations, interviews, and questionnaires these possible ways. The advantages of interviews are that when researchers are helpless to fulfill participants, researchers still can see specific information from interviewees, and interviewees can describe â€Å"history† which is suitable to the research case of topic to wider and deeper understanding (Creswell, 2003). In addition, researchers can be more flexible by asking questions which is comparing with interviews questionnaires (Bryman Bell, 2007). For research, the direction we need to see is the students consideration when they opening a new account. Qualitative research strategy in interview is too unstructured than in the quantitative research design. Researchers can an unstructured interview, which is more like a general chatting and more similar to having conversations with interviewees; researchers have to make a discussion guide with which has listed questions to understand (Bryman Bell, 2007). Data Collection Design in this proposal The collection of the information is to be the first step of data collection. The data focus on the bank services and marketing decision. In addition, there are three methods that will be use to collect the require data. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First approach :Face-to face ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Second approach :Telephone ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Third approach :Mail by post or email However, using three methods are too complicated to this research; Table 1 is shown the compare results. Compare Mail by post Telephone Face-to-face Budget Low Low High Flexible Need address Need phone number Go to every university Ask Questions Less questions Less questions More questions Validity Low Low High Non-response error High Low Low Collect Time Long Short Long Table 1 Comparison ofthree kinds ofinvestigation methods. After the compare evaluation, the mail survey approach is most appropriate to investigation of this study, these reasons are: ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This study research has budget consideration and restriction. Mail by post may be the lowest cost for the required questionnaires. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mail or email address from interviewee is easy to obtain. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The questionnaires cannot be too long, but it is clear to see on mail. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The validity by mail questionnaire is low. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mail questionnaires may have a high rate of non-response bias, but it can improve by send more mails. This action may help to reduce the rate of return non-response bias. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mail survey, takes a long time, but it may not influence the data results.   VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sampling Sampling method According to Patton (1990), the sampling method can be defined like ‘criterion sampling’ and the sampling is adopted in this research. It will find samples from criteria that receive research objectives. This sampling method also can ensure that the interviewees are supplied with complete information feedback that is required in the research (Patton, 1990). Using the Sampling method in the qualitative research can be same as in quantitative research, for instance, random sampling method. Most of the samplings in qualitative researchers are with some purposes or criteria since sampling may affect the outcome significantly (Coyne, 1997). However, the sample size is required in qualitative research; the result is not larger than quantitative research. Researchers are using purposeful sampling to acquire sufficient knowledge interviewees who can present the related research topic, and help researchers to get wider and deeper view points from interviewees (Patton, 1990). Sampling method used in this proposal There are several sampling methods that can adopt in survey research. For research, random sampling will be chosen as the research method. Following elements are the approaches for sampling: ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Element: Target market , all the UK university students. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Population: Estimate5000 university students. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sampling Units: Collection of about 5000 survey elements from the population. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frame: A frame is a list of sampling units, same as 5000 sampling units. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Select sampling methods: Random sampling. Questionnaire Design in this proposal SNAP is an assistance software tool that can create questionnaires. This questionnaire will divide into three sections: ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First part: Personal information for Interviewees University students in the UK or not. Demand for the services. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Second part: Interviewees’ personal bank. First bank account. Bank name, it is Barclays or not. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Third part: Using EKB model to design questionnaire (Likert scale will be used). Banking service satisfaction. Bank Loyalty. VII. Collection Data Defined the method of data collection The approaches to collect data have mention in front of part. That is, there are kind of ways can use in interviews. Interviews can be face-to-face, through telephone, or gather a lot of people to do the interview at the same time, which is also known as priority group (Creswell, 2003). Data Collection in this proposal ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Collection data will follow the front part which decides to choose mail by post method to collect to necessary data. ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are 5000 surveys will be sent by mails and emails. (2500 mails by post, 2500 by emails) ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following data collection time divided into two main stages. Collection time will be a month. First stage is to collect post mail will from 1st of June 2011 to 16th of June 2011. Although first stage is to collect post mail, email questionnaires feedback may return as the same time. Moreover, this period of time will continue collection data until 30th of June 2011. These stages are shown in Table 2. Main stages Time Activity First stage   1st June 2011- 16th June 2011 Collect mail by post from interviewees Second stage 1st June 2011- 30thJune 2011 Collect email from interviewees Table 2 Survey Collect Time VIII.  Data Analysis Process Defined Data Analysis In the qualitative research validity can be seen from three ways, which are descriptive validity, interpretive validity, and theoretical validity; or to consider from another aspect which can be classified as internal validity and external validity (Johnson, 1997). ŸÂ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Validation of research Validity is divided into three types, including content validity (Content Validity), criterion validity (Criterion Validity) and construct validity (Construct Validity). Content validity: The primary purpose is to systematically check the appropriate of questionnaires; the questionnaires consider the samples and conduct appropriate proportion. Criterion validity: It is outside test criterion with the assessment based on the correlation coefficient. Criterion validity refers to test data which has been found, also name as the statistical validity. Construct validity: It refers to the test the measure theoretical construct or common quality level which observed variables and other theoretical consistency. Data Analysis in this proposal In this research, SPSS will be use in data analysis. As for the collect data, all questionnaires will be recorded and transcribed. The benefit of doing transcription is to help researchers who can get all details mentioned and to re-examine the data afterwards. The process of data will firstly help researchers to organised and it enabled to rethink and restructure the following analysis stages. At the same time the second stage data were collected and filed. In this data collection, the clearer idea information between data and final findings will be formed, and it will shown data analysis to support results. IX.  Budget With the research process, the budget will come with it. Higdon Topp (2004) has pointed that, to reach the project objectives of timeline and methodology, the research proposal budget is intertwined with its development. Therefore, the detail of the budget will be notified. The budget of details required to expense to a complete itemized accounting list for the project (Higdon Topp, 2004). The budget table3 and 4 will displayed the total research fees. Table 3 Worksheet Personnel Role Salary/month Smith Principle investigator  £3000 Brown Co investigator  £2750 Tsou Statistician  £2750 The research plan will spend one month. Table 4 Equipment Phase Description Fee Mail by post  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2500 mail letters  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚    £500.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2500 stamps  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚    £1250.00 Email 2500 email   Ã‚ £0 Data collection and analysis will consume a month as well. Total   fees     £10250.00 Timeline Date Activity 21st May 27th May Proposal Needed 28th May- 30th May Survey Development 1st June- 30th June Data Collection 2nd July – 6th July Statistical Data 8th July Final Report X.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recommendations Here are some reasons that our team should be chosen. Our research team provides complete the research methodology and Data Collection. The objects reflect the goals and orientations of the organisation. Our agency wish to submit Barclays Bank with a compelling demonstration that has effectively represents. The research results will reflect new projects and interests, and provide for both current clients and new in customers. We can discuss this plan at your convenience.  Ã‚   Conclusions The valuable segmentation for Barclays Bank business banking markets is university students, however, the business banking competitive. Barclays Bank wants to attract more student customers and keeps them in over time. This research proposal starts from research process. Quantitative research method is adopted and the data collection is through by mail interviews. Then, the secondary data is from journals, articles, books. Finding of the research will help Barclays to increase its market share, and the market research will ensure Barclays provide the right product and services to the UK students target market. Bibliography Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2003) Business Research Methods, Oxford University Press. Cresswell, J.W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd ed. Sage Publications. Coyne ,I .T. (1997 ) Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing , 26(3),623–630. Engel, J. F.,R. D. Blackwell P. W. Miniard (2001 ) Consumer Behavior 9th ed. Fort Wort: Drvden Press. Higdon,J.and Topp,R. (2004) How to Develop a Budget for a Research Proposal. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 26(8) 922-929. Johnson ,R. B. (1997)Examining the validity structure of qualitative research. Research Library 118 (2) 282. Kumar, R. (2005) Research Methodology: A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners. London: Sage Publications. Patton, M. Q. (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods ,2nd ed., Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Saunders, Lewis Thornhill (2007) Research Methods for Business Students, FT Prentice Hall Snape, D. and Spencer, L. (2003) Qualitative Research Practice: A guide for Social Science Students and Researchers, London: Sage Publications. Bibliography Barclays Bank Website   barclays.co.uk/PersonalBanking/P1242557947640 Online Survey Software: SurveyMonkey Website   surveymonkey.com/MySurveys.aspx